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| Recently retired UMN faculty Barbara Leone, MD, left, precepts with a med student at Broadway Family Medicine Clinic, located in an underserved area of Minneapolis. |
Fact: When the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is fully implemented next year, there will be a dearth of primary care doctors awaiting the onslaught of newly insured patients.
Consider the numbers: In 2011, only seven percent of medical school graduates nationally chose a primary care career, despite the fact that more than half of patient visits are to primary care doctors. Fifty years ago, more than half of America’s doctors practiced primary care; today, fewer than one in three are primary practitioners, and many of those doctors are nearing retirement.
The problem only gets worse in urban settings, where common health disorders—high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes—are prevalent and primary care doctors scarce.
Not surprisingly, medical schools across the country are looking for ways to bring students face-to-face with what they call the “underserved” urban population. Often such exposure encourages students to consider a career in primary care.
“Primary care is known to be the most effective, most efficient way of delivering health care,” says Chris Reif, MD, MPH, one of three co-directors of the Urban Community Ambulatory Medicine (UCAM) clerkship. UCAM allows 12 students per year to spend a three-month rotation at an urban family medicine clinic in Minneapolis or St. Paul.
“Most of our training in medical school is devoted to health and disease in individuals,” says Reif. “But UCAM asks, ‘How do we promote the health of the community in places where the burden of disease is heaviest?’”
The Power of UCAM
When alum Elizabeth Beckman, MD, started medical school at the University of Minnesota, she already had a passion for working with an urban population struggling with mental illness. She naturally looked for opportunities to build her experience with that patient group. When she discovered UCAM, her interest only grew.
“UCAM was far and away the best experience I had in medical school,” says Beckman, who recently graduated and began a combined family medicine/psychiatry residency at the University of Cincinnati. “The time I spent in a family medicine clinic taught me how essential it is to help patients improve their health in the context of their community, instead of just within the context of the medical system.”
UCAM is a forerunner to the Metropolitan Physician Associate Program or MetroPAP. Both urban programs owe their existence to the University of Minnesota’s renowned Rural Physician Associate Program or RPAP.
Established in the 1970s, RPAP was the first program of its kind to offer a clerkship that sent medical students into rural settings to work in family medicine clinics. RPAP was so successful that it has served as a model for other medical schools around the world looking to launch similar programs.
In the early ’90s, it also inspired a group of second-year medical students to launch UCAM.
UCAM Beginnings
In 1993, Joanna Perkins, MD, MS, then a medical student, and a couple of her classmates were regular attendees at the American Medical Women’s Association meetings on campus.
“Several of us in the group started talking about what we’d be doing for clerkships,” recalls Perkins, who is now medical director of outreach and a staff physician in pediatric cancer and blood disorders at Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota. “Several people were interested in RPAP, but a few of us were more interested in working in an urban setting. So we went to the RPAP administrator and asked what we’d have to do to set up a similar program in the city.”
Perkins, along with Anne Edwards, MD, and Colleen Townsend, MD, did the legwork, and UCAM was officially launched in 1994.
“I worked at the Bloomington Lake Clinic in South Minneapolis [since relocated after a fire],” says Perkins, “and while I ultimately chose to work in pediatric oncology, I knew I wanted to continue to serve in that same community.”
UCAM not only immersed the students in the clinic setting but also exposed them to the cultural realities of the neighborhoods in which they served.
“We met with Hmong shamans and Native American healers,” Perkins explains. “We went to community advocacy group meetings and sat in on neighborhood focus groups. We wanted to complement the medical experience with supplemental cultural learning.”
Why It Works
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| UCAM director David Power, MD, right, with a patient. |
UCAM clearly met a need, and students responded enthusiastically—and still do today: The clerkship is already filled for the next two years with students eager to get hands-on experience at sites like Broadway Family Medicine Clinic in North Minneapolis (the clinical arm of the University of Minnesota North Memorial Hospital Family Medicine Residency) and La Clinica in West St. Paul.
“UCAM gives students exposure to the very real and practical side of medicine,” says David Power, MD, MPH, UCAM co-director. “They learn not just about the illnesses so prevalent in these communities—depression, chemical dependency, diabetes—but how to fill out disability paperwork or how patients qualify for Medical Assistance. Nowhere else in the Medical School curriculum is there information on these sorts of real-world problems.”
It’s very common, Power adds, to hear students say that UCAM was a life-changing experience. Besides gaining clinic experience, the students spend time with their mentors, co-directors Reif and Timothy Rumsey, MD, a family physician who works at United Family Medicine Residency and runs a clinic one day a week at the Dorothy Day Center in St. Paul.
According to Power, UCAM has been overwhelmingly successful in encouraging students to consider a family medicine career: About two-thirds of UCAM students go on to work in primary care. That’s significant today, as medical schools struggle to meet the growing demand for primary care doctors.
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